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SS ''Finland'' was an American-flagged ocean liner built in 1902 for the Red Star Line. During World War I she served as a transport for the United States Navy named USS ''Finland'' (ID-4543). Before her Navy service in 1917, she was also USAT ''Finland'' for the United States Army. SS ''Finland'' sailed for several subsidiary lines of International Mercantile Marine, including the Red Star Line, and also under charter for the White Star Line, the Panama Pacific Line, and the American Line. Sailing out of New York, she sailed primarily to ports in the United Kingdom, Belgium, and Italy. She also briefly sailed on New York to San Francisco, California, service. In 1912, ''Finland'' was chartered by the American Olympic Committee to take the U.S. team to the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. At the entry of the United States into World War I in April 1917, the liner was chartered by the United States Army as USAT ''Finland''. She made five transatlantic runs under Army control ferrying troops to Europe. On the return portion of her third voyage, ''Finland'' was torpedoed by ''U-93'', but was able to safely return to port for repairs. In April 1918, ''Finland'' was transferred to the U.S Navy and commissioned as USS ''Finland''. She completed an additional five voyages to Europe, carrying almost 13,000 troops. After the Armistice, she returned over 32,000 troops to the United States before being decommissioned in September 1919. After her Navy service ended, she was returned to International Mercantile Marine, resumed her original name of SS ''Finland'', and served on New York to Europe routes until 1923, when she returned to New York–San Francisco service. ''Finland'' was scrapped in 1928. == Launching and early career == ''Finland'' was launched on 21 June 1902 by W. Cramp and Son, Philadelphia, for the Red Star Line of International Mercantile Marine (IMM). She was the sister ship to , launched four months prior. ''Finland'' was long (LBP) with a beam of , and had two funnels and four masts. Her twin three-cylinder, triple expansion steam engines drove twin screw propellors that moved her at . She accommodated 342 passengers in first class, 194 in second class, and 626 in third class.〔Bonsor, p. 856.〕 ''Finland'' sailed on her maiden voyage from New York to Antwerp on 4 October under the American flag, and remained on this route for the next seven years.〔 In November 1907, as the liner neared Antwerp, a gale in the English Channel almost drove ''Finland'' ashore. The timely assistance of two tugs kept the big ship from grounding on the breakwater at Dover.〔Carson, p. 9.〕 By January 1909, ''Finland'' had been reflagged under the Belgian flag, but remained on the New York–Antwerp route.〔 On 19 January 1908, ''Finland'' collided with the Greek cargo ship off Terneuzen, sinking ''Epirus''.〔 In March 1909, the liner was chartered to the White Star Line, another IMM subsidiary, for three round-trip voyages between Naples and New York.〔 On 25 December 1910, she rammed and sank the which was anchored in the Flushing Roads sheltering from a storm. Six crew were lost from ''Baltique''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Belgian Merchant A-G )〕 Returning to the Red Star Line's New York–Antwerp service, ''Finland'' was reflagged in January 1912, sailing under the American flag once again.〔 During this time, noted German-American psychologist Hugo Münsterberg sailed on ''Finland'' to Europe to attend a Psychological Congress in Berlin in April 1912.〔Münsterberg, p. 228.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SS Finland (1902)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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